comparing the philosophical views on language teaching and learning

the present study was an attempt to review four of the philosophical views on language teaching and learning including idealism realism, pragmatism, and progressivism. it has tried to investigate the underlying principles of the mentioned views and compare the views regarding the role of teacher, learner, curriculum, etc. the comparison of different factors revealed that in the traditional views, namely idealism and realism, role of the teacher was more dominant than the learners and the views were mostly fixed and objective but in the modern ones, namely pragmatism and progressivism, the role of learner becomes more important and it changes from passive in traditional views to active in modern ones.