the relationship between drug addiction and pregnancy

the relationship between drug addiction and pregnancy

substance abuse in pregnancy has increased over the past three decades in the united states, resulting in approximately 225,000 infants yearly with prenatal exposure to illicit substances. routine screening and the education of women of child bearing age remain the most important ways to reduce addiction in pregnancy. materials and methods: this systematic review study was conducted with the keywords of women, fertility, addiction in magiran, irandoc, science direct, scopus, pub med and google scholar search engines in the period of 2000 so far. a total of 50 initial articles were obtained, 20 of which were discarded due to inconsistency of abstracts, and finally 30 articles were reviewed, most of which were clinical trials. result: findings from the published studies show that tobacco use during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of pregnancy complications and has a clearly demonstrated dose-response relationship, which can significantly impact both maternal and fetal outcomes. conclusion: in the first trimester,these risks include an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy.in the second and third trimesters,an increased risk of placental insufficiency, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction,and preterm delivery are all potential morbidities associated with tobacco use. several studies evaluating the role of smoking during pregnancy report a relative risk ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 for ectopic pregnancy. spontaneous abortion is 20% to 80% higher in women who smoke in pregnancy compared to non-smokers. maternal smoking carries a relative risk of 1.2 to 16 for preterm delivery.